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Bishwa Ijtema (or Bishsho Istema, (ベンガル語:বিশ্ব ইজতেমা), the World or Global Congregation or Meeting) is an annual ''Tablighi Jamaat'' Islamic movement congregation held at Tongi, Bangladesh by the river Turag. It is the 2nd largest Muslim congregation in the world after the Hajj. The event focuses on prayers and supplication and does not allow political discussion.〔(Millions of Muslims gather in Bangladesh ); Reuters.CO.UK; February 2, 2007〕 The local police estimated the number of attendees of 2007 ijtema to be 3 million〔(Three million Muslims join mass prayer in Bangladesh seeking peace ); The Associated Press Published: February 3, 2007〕 while in 2010 the number of attendees was 10 million. The first meeting was reportedly held in 1946〔(Report ), The Daily Star, December 22, 2003.〕 (although various sources indicate other dates for this) and continues to be organized by the Bangladesh Tablighi Jamaat. It lasts three days and is attended by over five million Muslims, making it one of the largest congregations after the Hajj to Mecca and the gathering of Muslims in Karbala, Iraq to commemorate Arbaeen. (Hajj is mandatory and a pillar of Islam, whereas the Ijtema is neither). The program concludes with the ''Akheri Munajat'', or final prayer. The tradition of ''Ijtema'' was initiated by an Indian savant named Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi and began as a small group of religious-minded individuals gathering at a local mosque. For forty-one years Tongi has been the chosen location, although similar programs are held on a lesser scale in other countries. The ''Ijtema'' is non-political, and therefore it draws people of all persuasion. Prayer is held for the spiritual adulation, exaltation and welfare of the Muslims community. This immensely popular program gives the people of Bangladesh an opportunity to interact with Muslims from other countries and is commonly attended by prominent political figures. The congregation takes place at an area comprising of land (0.25 square mile). Devotees from approximately 150 countries, including the host country, Bangladesh, attend the three-day Ijtema seeking divine blessings from Allah. In recent years, over seven thousands foreign delegates attend the congregation each year. Special rates are provided by Bangladesh Biman's world wonder fund. Despite the large number of devotees living within a confined space, generally there is very few problems of sanitation, cooking, and internal movements. It is believed to be possible because of the minimalist approach adopted by the devotees. Devotees have reduced their own requirements and developed a respect for others' requirements. Muhammad Ilyas revived the Tabligh movement in 1927 at Saharanpur of Uttar Pradesh, India and at the same time organized regional congregation or Ijtema. In course of time, Ijtema movement spread throughout the subcontinent and also influenced other regions. After the partition of Bengal in 1947, three Ijtema centres developed in three parts of the subcontinent - India, West Pakistan and East Pakistan. Biswa Ijtema at Tongi is the annual Tabligh congregation of the current Bangladesh. In addition to Tongi, Ijtemas are now held in Raiwind, Pakistan and Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. However, in terms of popular attendance, the Tongi Ijtema is the largest of all these congregations.〔 In 2008, the event had to be cut short to only one day due to rain and cold weather which left three attendees dead.〔(Biswa Ijtema cut short )〕 ==Expansion== The group began to expand its activities in 1946, and within two decades the group reached Southwest and Southeast Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America. The Tabligh Jamaat's aversion to politics, and also its lack of any direct and practical Economic-Political-Social viewpoints, like the occupation of Palestine helped it enter and operate in societies, especially western countries and societies where politically active religious groups faced severe restrictions. The first foreign missions were sent to the Hejaz and Britain in 1946. The next nation to receive Tablighi Jamaat missionaries was the United States. During the 1970s and 1980s the Tablighi Jamaat established a large presence in continental Europe. The construction of the Markazi Masjid in Dewsbury, England commenced in 1978 and subsequently became the European headquarters of the Tablighi Jamaat. This centre holds one major gathering annually, generally in Dewsbury itself. It has also constructed a busy madrasah, called the Institute of Islamic Education.〔 Introduced in France in 1960s, Tablighi Jamaat grew significantly in the two decades following 1970. Tabligh Jamaat declined around 1989, although some members still represent it in the French Council of the Muslim Faith.〔 During the first half-decade of the 21st century Tablighi Jamaat went through a major revival in France, reaching 100,000 followers by 2006. However, the United Kingdom is the current focus of the movement in the Europe, primarily due to the large South Asian population that began to arrive there in the 1960s. By 2007, Tabligh members were situated at 600 of Britain's 1,350 mosques. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the movement made inroads into Central Asia. As of 2007, it was estimated that 10,000 Tabligh Jamaat members could be found in Kyrgyzstan. The FBI believes that nearly 50,000 members of Tablighi Jamaat are active in the United States.〔 As of 2008, the organisation had a presence in nearly 213 countries and a total following of between 100 and 150 million people. By some measures this made Tablighi Jamaat the largest Muslim movement in the world. The majority of the followers of the Tablighi Jamaat live in South Asia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dhaka Ijtema」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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